IP Calculation
Useful tools to calculate subnets and ranges
The math behind IP addresses is convoluted. Our nice IPv4 addresses start out as 32-bit binary numbers, which are then converted to base 10 numbers in four 8-bit fields. Decimal numbers are easier to manage than long binary strings; still, calculating address ranges, netmasks, and subnets is a bit difficult and error-prone, except for the brainiacs who can do binary conversions in their heads. For the rest of us, meet ipcalc
and ipv6calc
.
ipcalc
is for IPv4 networks, and ipv6calc
is for IPv6 networks.
Calculate using subnet
Calculate using netmask
Classful IP Ranges
E.g Class A,B,C (depreciated)
IPv4 Private Address Ranges
IPv4 Subnet Cheat Sheet
Subnet cheat sheet, not really related to pen testing but a useful reference.
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